Advances in life sciences research and biotechnology fields, including synthetic biology, genomics, and neuroscience, are transforming the agriculture, healthcare, energy, and other sectors that rely on use of biologically derived materials. However, some of these materials, technologies, and associated information and expertise potentially could be exploited to cause harm to humans, animals, plants, the environment, public safety, or national security. Biosecurity is a multidisciplinary effort to identify and mitigate biological risks by implementing risk- and threat-based control measures to prevent the unauthorized access, misuse, loss, theft, diversion, and intentional release of such “dual use” materials, technologies, information, and expertise.